Grading & Authentication Guide

Ensuring the authenticity and proper grading of coins is essential for collectors and investors. This guide will help you understand the key factors in grading and authenticating U.S. coins.

What is Coin Grading?

Coin grading is the process of evaluating a coin’s condition and assigning it a standardized grade. Professional grading services, such as PCGS (Professional Coin Grading Service) and NGC (Numismatic Guaranty Company), use the Sheldon Scale (1-70) to assess a coin’s quality.

Coin Grading Scale

  • Poor (P-1) to Fair (FR-2): Barely identifiable, heavily worn.
  • About Good (AG-3): Major details are visible but significantly worn.
  • Good (G-4 to G-6): Heavily worn but readable inscriptions.
  • Very Good (VG-8 to VG-10): Moderate wear with clear details.
  • Fine (F-12 to F-15): Moderate to light wear with strong details.
  • Very Fine (VF-20 to VF-35): Light wear with all design elements visible.
  • Extremely Fine (EF-40 to EF-45): Slight wear, nearly full details visible.
  • About Uncirculated (AU-50 to AU-58): Minimal wear, strong luster.
  • Mint State (MS-60 to MS-70): No wear, varying degrees of luster and strike quality.

How to Authenticate a Coin

To ensure a coin’s authenticity, follow these steps:

  1. Weight & Dimensions: Use a precise scale and caliper to check if the coin matches official specifications.
  2. Metal Composition: Use a magnet (for non-magnetic coins) or a metal analyzer to verify composition.
  3. Design Details: Compare the coin’s design with official references, checking for irregularities.
  4. Edge & Rim Inspection: Look for reeded edges, lettering, or other unique marks.
  5. Third-Party Certification: Have the coin graded and authenticated by PCGS, NGC, or ANACS for verification.

Common Coin Authentication Methods

  • The Magnet Test: Most genuine U.S. coins are non-magnetic.
  • The Water Drop Test: Water should bead on the surface of genuine silver coins.
  • Ultraviolet Light Test: Some counterfeits glow under UV light due to modern materials.

Why Professional Grading Matters

Professional grading adds credibility, ensures accurate valuation, and protects against counterfeit risks. It also enhances a coin’s resale value.

For more information, check our Coin Guides or contact us for expert advice!